Cytogenetics in myeloma

Cytogenetics is a branch of genetics that is concerned with the study of the structure and function of chromosome. Chromosomes are structures within cells in which the DNA is packaged. In humans there are 23 pairs of chromosomes which are named from 1 to 23.

Cytogenetics has significance in myeloma as chromosomal abnormalities are a key feature in myeloma and play a significant role in prognosis.

Prognosis can be a difficult area for many nurses to discuss with patients. This can be particularly so in myeloma as it is currently incurable. Nurses need to be able to communicate with patients and their families about prognosis, what prognostic factors are and what they may mean in practice.

Prognostic factors and their significance in the management of myeloma are also covered in Module 4 – Staging and prognosis of myeloma.