IMWG consensus definition of primary plasma cell leukemia based on peripheral blood plasma cell percentage
Primary plasma cell leukemia (PCL) remains an ultra-high-risk condition with a consistently poor prognosis, despite advances in treatment over recent decades. Prompt identification is essential for initiating the most effective therapy. This position paper re-examines the diagnostic criteria for PCL, focusing on circulating plasma cells in patients who otherwise meet the criteria for multiple myeloma. Analysis of retrospective studies revealed that having ≥5% circulating plasma cells in peripheral blood carries a similar adverse prognostic impact as previously defined PCL. Therefore, PCL should be diagnosed when patients with symptomatic multiple myeloma have 5% or more circulating plasma cells.
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